Momentum p=mv\vv{p} = m\vv{v} is the vector quantity that plays, for motion, the role energy plays for scalar exchanges. Just as energy is transferred by work, momentum is transferred by impulse I=FΔt\vv{I} = \vv{F}\,\Delta t. This section introduces both quantities, the impulse theorem, the fence diagram, and the historical roots of the study of collisions.