Engineer and inventor — Nikolaus August Otto (Holzhausen an der Haide, 1832 – Cologne, 1891) was a German inventor and entrepreneur, a pioneer of the internal combustion engine. Although he lacked formal technical training, having trained as a merchant, he devoted himself to developing gas engines. In 1876 he built the first efficient, working four-stroke internal combustion engine, based on the thermodynamic cycle that still bears his name. The Otto cycle, articulated in the phases of intake, compression, combustion-expansion and exhaust, is the operating principle of the great majority of petrol engines in cars. His invention paved the way for modern motorisation.

Theories and contributions

  • Otto cycle — Four-stroke thermodynamic cycle (intake, compression, combustion, exhaust) of petrol engines; efficiency depends on the compression ratio rr: η=1r1γ\eta = 1 - r^{1-\gamma}.

Linked atoms

1 linked atom.

12 Cicli e macchine termiche