Concept — The change in internal energy is the heat absorbed minus the work done.
Present in chapters
10
Linked atoms
45 linked atoms.
09 Kinetic theory of gases
10 Irreversible transformations and energy balance
- Nitrogen heated in a rigid cylinder
- Aluminium block in nitrogen (thermal equilibrium)
- Heat at constant pressure (comparison)
- Heat at constant volume (monatomic gas)
- Heat as a substance?
- Heat: from the invisible fluid to the dance of energy accounting
- Energy exchange diagram
- Thermal equilibrium: solid + gas
- Free expansion of a gas
- Free expansion into vacuum
- Sci-fi physics: without the first law
- The refrigerator in the room
- The first law as an energy balance
- Joule’s frustration
- Mixed problems: pistons, springs, gravity
- Heating at constant pressure: the coefficient Cp
- Heating with a moving piston (and the atmosphere)
- Heating a gas at constant volume
- Heating under the piston
- Lifting a vertical piston
- Same temperature, different heat
- Irreversible transformations
- True or false on the first law and expansion
- True or false on transformations
12 Cycles and heat engines
- Reversible adiabatic process
- Worked example — reversible vs irreversible isothermal expansion
- Worked example — Carnot refrigerator and energy balance
- Reversible isobaric process
- Reversible isochoric process
- Reversible isothermal process
- Problem — Area of a p-V cycle
- Problem — Balances of a cycle
- Problem — Rectangular cycle in the p-V plane
- Problem — Air conditioner and open window
- Problem — Morning shower
- Problem — Fridge with the door open
- Problem — Efficiency from exchanged heats (800-600 J)
- Problem — Efficiency of a real engine (4000-3000 J)
- Problem — Carnot efficiency and work (500-300 K)
- Problem — Room with the fridge open
- Problem — An engine with efficiency greater than 1
- Properties of a cycle
- Solving a complete cycle
- Same gas, two different transformations