Topic — Energy transformations in thermal systems and the first law.
Present in chapters
10·12
Linked atoms
83 linked atoms.
09 Kinetic theory of gases
10 Irreversible transformations and energy balance
- Compressed air heats up
- Nitrogen heated in a rigid cylinder
- Aluminium block in nitrogen (thermal equilibrium)
- Heat at constant pressure (comparison)
- Heat at constant volume (monatomic gas)
- Heat as a substance?
- Heat in an isothermal process
- Heat: from invisible fluid to the dance of the energy accounts
- Phase calorimetry
- Different paths, same state
- Adiabatic compression
- Energy exchange diagram
- Two paths in the p-V plane
- Efficiency of a kettle
- Thermal equilibrium: solid + gas
- Free expansion of a gas
- Free expansion into a vacuum
- Evaporation of water
- Sci-fi physics: gamma equal to 2
- Sci-fi physics: without the first law
- T(t) graph with phases
- Identifying the gas
- The fridge in the room
- The first law as an energy balance
- Inverse: from L to the volume ratio
- Inverse: Q in an isobaric process
- Isochoric and isobaric processes
- Isothermal and adiabatic processes
- Joule’s frustration
- The bicycle pump
- Work in isobaric expansion
- Work in an isobaric process
- Work in a cycle
- Metal and wood to the touch
- Mixture of two batches of water
- Morning fog
- Paths in the P-V plane (heating processes)
- Mixed problems: pistons, springs, gravity
- Ranking: heat absorbed in four transformations
- Ranking: heat in isobaric and isochoric processes
- Ranking: specific heats
- Ranking: work in expansions
- Heating at constant pressure: the coefficient Cp
- Heating with a movable piston (and the atmosphere)
- Heating a gas at constant volume
- Heating under the piston
- Heating water
- Challenge: mercury barometer
- Challenge: fast adiabatic pump
- Summary: four-stage cycle
- Lifting a vertical piston
- Same temperature, different heat
- Fermi estimate: air in a room
- Fermi estimate: ice in a drink
- Estimate: work of a hot air bubble
- Estimate: boiling time
- Irreversible transformations
- Real transformations and ideal transformations
- True or false on the first law and expansion
- True or false on transformations
12 Cycles and heat engines
- Reversible adiabatic process
- What makes a transformation reversible
- Worked exercise — reversible vs irreversible isothermal expansion
- General formula for the entropy of a gas
- Named cycles
- The ln P – ln V diagram
- Reversible isobaric process
- Reversible isochoric process
- Reversible isothermal process
- The curve in the P-V plane
- Problem — Area of a p-V cycle
- Problem — Rectangular cycle in the p-V plane
- Problem — Adiabatic compression of a diatomic gas
- Problem — Morning shower
- Problem — True or false on engines and fridges
- Problem — True or false on reversibility and cycles
- Properties of a cycle
- Same gas, two different transformations
- Summary table of transformations